Student Reader's History Notes » 1st Intermediate Period http://history.studentreader.com Just another Student Reader weblog Wed, 08 Sep 2010 19:09:56 +0000 en hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.0.1 Timeline of Ancient Egypt: First Intermediate Period http://history.studentreader.com/ancient-egypt-first-intermediate-timeline http://history.studentreader.com/ancient-egypt-first-intermediate-timeline#comments Thu, 14 May 2009 12:53:48 +0000 Levi Clancy http://history.studentreader.com/?p=1303 Period or Event King Time-Frame Overview 1st Intermediate Era 2200-2040 BC

Kingdoms are times of political unity and strong centralized government, while intermediate periods are in contrast characterized by the rivalries of local rulers in their claims for power — foremost among these were the Herakleopolitan rulers (continued from Memphis) and Theban rulers (local leaders who amassed force).

The cores areas of the Herakleopolitan kingdom were Memphis and Faiyum, with hegemony ending in southern Middle Egypt. Even in areas outside Herakleopolitan control, the king was still mentioned, but only in his role as a mediator between human society and the forces of nature. His political role had been token over by the nomarchs.

A thriving culture continued among the poorer levels of society, and vigorous social development occurred in Upper Egypt’s provincial towns. Thus, the First Intermediate Period was less a total collapse and more a significant temporary shift in centers of activity an dynamism.

Seventh Dynasty Numerous Kings Eighth Dynasty Numerous Kings Kings ruled from Memphis until the end of Dynasty 8, at which point they moved to Herakleopolis. Ninth + Tenth Dynasty Herakleopolitan Kings 2134-1991 BC Dynasties 9 and 10 existed at Herakleopolis, while during Dynasty 10 there arose in Thebes a competing dynasty of rulers comprising Dynasty 11. The Memphite dynasty relocated to Herakleopolis. Co-existent were various nomarchs, including those at Thebes who established themselves as the strongest of all other nomarchs. Ankhtifi Anktifi was a Herakleopolitan nomarch who fought against the predecessors of Mentuhotep II for control over all of Egypt. His tomb at المعلّى el-Mo’alla (ancient Hefat) detailed his biography and proclaimed himself as the best ruler ever in history and forever after — there was only one mention of the king, as a conduit to the gods to assist in favorable weather. Eleventh Dynasty 2134-1991 BC Concurrent with Dynasty 10 was Dynasty 11, which existed at Thebes. A family of Theban monarchs established itself as the leading force and assumed the title of royalty. Two competing states thus existed at Herakleopolis and Thebes, until Theban king Mentuhotep II once and for all crushed his Herakleopolitan opponent and reunited the country under Theban control, thus inaugurating the Middle Kingdom. Mentuhotep I Menuhotep I was the first ruler of Dynasty 11. His hegemony was very localized, but he deemed himself ruler of Upper Egypt and later all of Egypt. Intef (née Inyotef) I Considered the founder of Dynasty 11, Intef I and his immediate successors built for themselves very similar saff tombs at the necropolis of إلطارف el-Tarif, parallel to the Saff Dawaba. When Mentuhotep II moved to the new site of الدير البحري Deir el-Bahri it was perhaps because the suitable building ground for monumental architecture at إلطارف el-Tarif had been used up by his time. Intef (née Inyotef) II 2118-2069 BC Intef II decisively changed the nature of the new Theban monarchy. Intef II claimed the traditional role of nesu-bit (dual kingship) and the title ‘son of Ra’ which referred to the dogma of divine descent. He did not assume all five of the royal Great Names; he only added the ‘Horus name’ Wahankh (enduring life) to his birth name and had no throne name — early Theban kings must have thus been aware of their limited hegemony. Intef (née Inyotef) III The last non-royal THeban monarch had hegemony over a large part of southern Upper Egypt. Intef II launched the decisive northward push, capturing the nome of Abydos and receiving hostility from as far north as Asyut. Mentuhotep II 2061-2010 BC Grand construction had ended after Pepy II, and was resumed by Mentuhotep II with his mortuary temple at دير البحري Deir el-Bahri in western Thebes (earlier Dynasty 11 nomarchs had built at إلطارف el-Tarif. Mentuhotep III 2010-1998 BC Eleventh Dynasty 1975-1940 BC All of Egypt

Bibliography

Hamiton 2007, xxiii

]]> http://history.studentreader.com/ancient-egypt-first-intermediate-timeline/feed 0