First found in an Egyptian royal tomb in Abydos, Abydos Ware has since been found in Egyptian royal tombs elsewhere as well. Abydos Ware is of Canaanite origin and indicates extensive trade. Abydos Ware was important in trading wine and oils, and includes several different groups:
| Ware | Abbrev | Overview |
|---|---|---|
| Red Polished | RPW | |
| Deep-Grooved Lattice Burnished | Ceramic vessels effectively sweat, keeping insides much cooler than outside while losing liquid. This will basically ruin wine by losing liquid, creating some sort of awful vinegar liquid. Polishing the ceramic and applying combs are strategies to prevent it from sweating. | |
| Light-Faced Painted | A light colored ware with red decorations such as stipling and matching. | |
| Metallic Combed |
With origins in the Middle Kingdom (~1,900-1,700 BC; early 2nd millennium), execration texts were Egyptian clay bowls or figurines of bound human captives that were inscribed in hieratic with the names and locations of enemies. In an attempt to magically curse Egypt’s foes, powerful imprecations were recited and the objects were then broken. Princes as far north as Damascus have been named in execration texts. There are two groups of execration texts, all found in fortresses of the border of Nubia in Egypt: the Berlin Group, which are older and name 20 places; and the Brussels group, which are more recent and name 62 places.
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