| Period or Event | King | Time-Frame | Overview |
| Middle Kingdom | 2040-1785 BC | Began 2050 BC | The Middle Kingdom began ~2050 BC when a family of Theban princes garnered hegemony over the entire nation by defeating a dynastic line from Heracleopolis. This victory was not complete until the reign of Mentuhotpe II, though his predecessors were later regarded as legitimate rulers of Egypt. The Middle Kingdom was an era of renaissance, trade, quarrying, mining and military campaigns. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ammenemes I | May have been vizier to Mentuhopte IV. | ||
| Twelfth Dynasty | 1940-1756 BC | The capital was moved to Itj-tawy near Faiyum, where brick pyramid tombs of the kings still stand. A system of co-regencies was established between the king and his succession, ensuring a peaceful transfer of power that gave the Twelfth Dynasty great stability. Also strengthening the Twelfth Dynasty was Egyptian king Sesostris III’s reduction of wealthy local governors’ power. Egypt’s foreign contact increased, as shown by Egyptian objects found in Syria and Palestine. Egypt extended its southern frontier into Nubia and established fortresses in the Second Cataract region. | |
| Thirteenth Dynasty | 1755-1630 BC | ||
| Ammenemes III | Power began to decline after the reign of Ammenemes III. | ||
| Ammenemes IV | The Middle Kingdom neared collapse. | ||
| Sebnekneferu | End of the Middle Kingdom. | ||
| Fourteenth Dynasty | |||
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